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Custom Debian Distributions


%size 8
A new approach to cover

interests of specialised users

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Overview


%pause
&AL What are Custom Debian Distributions?
%pause
&AL Currently existing Custom Debian Distributions
%pause
&AL Debian - adaptable for any purpose?
%pause
&AL Meta packages
%pause
&AL User roles
%pause
&AL Future

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%page

What is Debian?

%pause
&AL Linux is just the kernel of your operating system.
%pause
&AL You need a lot of applications around.
%pause
&AL Those collections of software around the Linux kernel is called operating system or distribution.
%pause
&AL Companies who build such distributions are called distributors.
%pause
&AL They make money by selling their distribution in boxes, doing support and training.
%pause
%mark
&AL You might know Mandrake, RedHat, SuSE
%pause
%again
&AL You might know Mandrake, RedHat, Novell etc.
%pause
&AL Debian is just one of them.


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Sorry.

%pause
That was wrong.


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What is Debian? (next try)


The Debian Project is an association of individuals who have made \
common cause to create a free operating system. This operating system \
that we have created is called
%center
Debian GNU/Linux,
%leftfill
or simply Debian for short.

Moreover, work is in progress to provide Debian for other than Linux \
kernels, primarily for the Hurd.  Other possible kernels are BSD and \
even ports to MS Windows are planed.

%pause
&A Web of trust
%pause
&A Differences to other distributions

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What are Custom Debian Distributions?
%font "standard"
%pause
&A Debian contains more than 10000 binary packages
%pause
&A General users interested in a subset of those packages
%pause
&A Care for special groups of target users with different skills and interests
%pause
&A Not only handy collections of specific program packages but care for \
   easy installation and configuration for the intended purpose.
%pause
%font "bi"
&A No fork 
%cont
%font "standard"
from Debian
%pause
&goal Basic idea: Do not make a separate distribution but make Debian fit for \
      special purpose instead

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Looking beyond


%pause
&A Commercial Linux distributors sell certain products
%pause
&B   Enterprise 
%size 3
%cont
(Corporate Server - Mandrake, Advanced Server - Red Hat, Enterprise Server - SuSE)
%pause
&B   Workstation or home editions, Office desktops
%pause
&B   Special task products
%pause
&c   Mail server (SuSE Linux Openexchange Server)
%pause
&c   Firewall (Multi Network Firewall - Mandrake, SuSE Firewall on CD)
%pause
&c   Cluster (Mandrake Clustering)
%pause
&c   Content Management System (Red Hat)
%pause
&c   Portal Server (Red Hat)

%pause
&A These products address specific user interests

%pause
&Aconc Debian uses Custom Distributions

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Motivation


&A Support of target users with common profile:
%pause
&B   Less technical competence
%pause
&B   Not able to install upstream programs with acceptable effort
%pause
&B   No interest in administration
%pause
&B   Interest in defined subset of available Free Software
%pause
&B   Need for easy usage
%pause
&B   Defined security profile

%pause
&A Support of administrators with common profile:
%pause
&B   Limited time frame
%pause
&B   Seeking for time saving in often repeated tasks
%pause
&B   Lack of specialist knowledge

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Status of specialised Free Software

&A Hard to install
%pause
&A Hard to maintain
%pause
&A Hard to use because of lacking GUI
%pause
&A Strange Licenses
%pause
&A Orphaned upstream
%pause
&A Porting issues (architectures, byte order, 32 vis 64 bit)
%pause
&A Data format not exchangeable
%pause
&A Parallel development of the same functionality
%pause
&a Used tools or back ends are not intended for those applications

%pause
&goal Lack of an integrated framework


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General problem


%pause
&A Free Software development is kind of evolutionary process
%pause
&A Needs a critical mass of supporters which are
%pause
&B    programmers
%pause
&B   users
%pause
&A Specialised software has a limited set of users (specialists)
%pause
&A Results in a limited set of programmers
%pause
&A We have to attract both groups to get it working ...
%pause
&goal We are the missing link between upstream developers and users

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Debian-Junior


Debian for children from 1 to 99

%pause
&A Make Debian an OS that children of all ages
%cont
%font "it"
 want
%cont
%font "standard"
 to use
%pause
&A Making it so easy that children are not afraid of
%pause
&A Making it so nice that they like it
%pause
&A Making it a playground for children experiments
%pause
&A Not only providing games but care for their quality
%pause
&A Main target are young children, teens should become \
   comfortable with using Debian without any special modifications


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Debian-Med


Debian in Health Care

%pause
&A Integrated software environment for all medical tasks
%pause
&A Special care for the quality of program packages in the field of medicine \
   which are integrated in Debian yet
%pause
&A Building packages of medical software which are missing inside Debian and \
   inclusion of those packages
%pause
&A Caring for a general infrastructure for medical users
%pause
&A Efforts to increase the quality of third party software

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Debian-Edu

Debian for educational purposes
%pause
&A Make Debian the best distribution available for educational use
%pause
&A Federate many initiatives around education (which are partly based on \
   forks of Debian)
%pause
&A In fact SkoleLinux now is more or less Debian-Edu
%pause
&A Integrate changes from the French Debian Education distribution into Debian
%pause
&A Cooperate with other education-related projects (like SEUL/edu, Ofset, KdeEdu)
%pause
&A Very active
%pause
&A Integration of LliureX, LinEX, Guadalinex, ... ?


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DeMuDi


Debian Multimedia Distribution

%pause
&A Currently not announced as official Custom Distribution but coordinator is in touch
%pause
&A Oriented toward music and multimedia
%pause
&A Make GNU/Linux a platform of choice for the musician \
   and the multimedia artist
%pause
&A Part of a project funded by the European Community, called AGNULA
%pause
&A Initiator is not yet Debian developer but you are able to work on Debian \
   without being an official developer

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Debian Desktop


Debian GNU/Linux for everybody

%pause
&A Best possible operating system for workstation use
%pause
&A Motto: "Software that Just Works"
%pause
&A Bring Debian, GNU, and Linux to the mainstream world
%pause
&A Make things very easy for the novice
%pause
&A Allowing experts to tweak things
%pause
&A Easy installation + configuration (hardware-detection)
%pause
%%%%%  Ben Armstrong said that this is no "goal" - and he is right!
&A Internationalisation
%pause
&A Latest move: Care about more up to date software

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%page

Debian Lex


Debian GNU/Linux for Lawyers

%pause
&AL 
%font "it"
%cont
lex
%font "standard"
%cont
 originates from Latin word for law
%pause
&AL Complete system for all tasks in legal practice
%pause
&AL Add value to existing packages by providing customised templates for lawyers
%pause
&B   OpenOffice.org
%pause
&B   SQL-Ledger
%pause
&B   Sample database schema for PostgreSQL.


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Debian NP


Debian GNU/Linux for Nonprofit Organisations

%pause
&A Addresses requirements of small non-profit organisations
%pause
&A Desktop use in non-profit organisations
%pause
&A Non-profits often familiar with Free Software
%pause
&A Many common tasks with other Custom Distributions
%pause
&A Specialised uses:
%pause
&B Fund raising
%pause
&B Developing membership lists
%pause
&BL Conference organisation
%pause
&A Morphix based Live CD

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Debian Accessibility Project


Debian for blind and visually impaired people

%pause
&A Debian accessible to people with disabilities
%pause
&A Special care for
%pause
&B    Screen readers
%pause
&B    Screen magnification programs
%pause
&B    Software speech synthesisers
%pause
&B    Speech recognition software
%pause
&B    Scanner drivers and OCR software
%pause
&B    Specialised software like edbrowse (web-browse in the spirit of line-editors)
%pause
&A Making text-mode interfaces available
%pause
&A Providing screen reader functionality during installation

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%page

Debian Enterprise

Debian GNU/Linux for Enterprise Computing
%pause
&A Apply the UserLinux Manifesto
%pause
&A Establishes the benchmark in world class Enterprise operating systems \
       engineered within an industry driven shared-cost development model
%pause
&A Vigorously defends its distinctive trademarks and branding
%pause
&A Develops extensive and professional quality documentation
%pause
&A Provides engineer certification through partner organisations
%pause
&A Certifies the Debian Enterprise GNU/Linux operating system to specific industry

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Other possible CDDs


%pause
&A Debian-eGov
&BL  Government issues, administration, authorities office, accounting
%pause
&A Debian-Geo
&BL  Geographic information systems (GIS)
%pause
&A Debian-Physics
&BL  Simulation, statistics, numerics
%pause
&A Debian-Bio
&BL  Care for biology related stuff which is currently in Debian-Med
%pause
&A ???
&B  Suggestions?

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Debian - adaptable for any purpose?

%pause
&A Developed by about 1000 volunteers
%pause
&A Flexible, not bound on commercial interest
%pause
&A Strict rules (policy) glue all things together
%pause
&A Common interest of each individual developer to get the best operating \
   system for himself
%pause
&A Developers have children in real life or work in the field of medicine etc.
%pause
&A In contrast to employees of companies every single Debian developer has the \
   freedom and ability to realize his vision
%pause
&A Thus single developers have influence on development - they just have to
%cont
%fore "yellow"
%font "bi"
 do
%cont
%fore "white"
%font "standard"
 it = "
%cont
%fore "yellow"
%font "bi"
 Do
%cont
%fore "white"
ocracy
%cont
%font "standard"
"

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Why not just forking from Debian?

&A Separate distribution would cost extra effort
%pause
&B    Would be hardly better than Debian
%pause
&B    Continuous work to keep base system, installer, etc. up to date
%pause
&B    Nearly impossible to get security fixes as fast as Debian
%pause
&bconc Forking would be a bad idea.

%pause
&A Integration into Debian has advantages
%pause
&B    Huge user base all over the world thus becoming public on the back of Debian
%pause
&B    Secure and stable system without extra effort
%pause
&B    Bug Tracking System for free
%pause
&B    Infra structure (HTTP-, FTP-, Mailserver, PKI, ...) for free

%pause
&A Bringing back something to Debian
%pause
&B    Enhancing quality of packages by making them more user friendly


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%page

Meta Packages - Developers point of view

A meta package is a Debian package which contains:

%pause
&A Dependencies from other Debian packages
%pause
&B  Depend from packages to do a certain task
%pause
&B  Recommend further interesting packages
%pause
&BL  Suggest others or non-free packages
%pause
&A User menu entries (recommended)
%pause
&B  in
%font "file"
%cont
 /etc/cdd/
%font "varfile"
%cont
<cdd>
%font "file"
%cont
/menu/
%font "varfile"
%cont
<pkg-name>
%pause
&BL  maintained via role based tools
%pause
&A 
%font "prgn"
%cont
debconf 
%font "standard"
%cont
questions or pre-seeding (optional)
%pause
&A 
%font "prgn"
%cont
cfengine 
%font "standard"
%cont
scripts (optional)
&A Special meta package:
%font "package"
%cont
 
%cont
%font "varpackage"
<cdd>
%cont
%font "package"
-common

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%page

Meta Packages - Users point of view


%pause
&A Collection of specific software 
%pause
&bconc No research for available software necessary
%pause
&bconc User is not forced to browse the whole package list of Debian
%pause
&bconc Easy comparison between software covering the same task
%pause
&bconc Safety against accidental removal of dependencies
%pause
&bconc Conflicts to incompatible packages
%pause
&bconc Easy installation
%pause
&bconc Low effort for administration

%pause
&A Documentation packages
%pause
&B    Packaging and creating of relevant documentation
%pause
&B    Translation


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%page

Handling of meta packages


%pause
&A No special help by usual package handling tools
%pause
&A Tricks to obtain informations about meta packages
%pause
&Acont (Mentioned in Custom Debian Distributions paper)
%pause
&A Target of future development
%pause
&B   Searching for existing meta packages
%pause
&B   Overview about dependencies
%pause
&B   Enhancing tools like
%cont
%font "prgn"
 aptitude
%cont
%font "standard"
,
%cont
%font "prgn"
 synaptic
%cont
%font "standard"
, etc.
%pause
&B   Special
%cont
%font "prgn"
 tasksel 
%cont
%font "standard"
section
%pause
&B   Web tools which keep meta package information up to date
%pause
&B   Policy agreement about additional flag for 
%cont
%font "file"
debian/control 
%cont
%font "standard"
file
%pause
&B   Find a set of keywords for each Custom Distribution and write a tool to search comfortable
%pause   
&B   Make use of Debian Package Tags

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User roles


%pause
&A Role based user menu system
%pause
&A User with role
%cont
%font "var"
 <cdd> 
%cont
%font "standard"
is provided with additional menu
%pause
&A Currently implemented: UNIX group based role system
%pause
&B Define a list of users in group
%cont
%font "var"
 <cdd>
%cont
%font "standard"
%cont
%font "standard"
 in
%cont
%font "file"
 /etc/group
%font "standard"
%pause
&B  Using
%cont
%font "file"
 debconf 
%font "standard"
%cont
questions in
%font "varpackage"
%cont
 <cdd>
%font "package"
%cont
-common 
%font "standard"
%cont
package
%pause
&B Users in this group get extra menu
%pause
&B Do not bother other users with those additional menus
%pause
&BL Either user has to call
%cont
%font "prgn"
 update-menus 
%font "standard"
%cont
or this can be done in package postinst script
%pause
&A Implemented in current Debian-Med packages
%pause
&A Roles system is implemented by flexible plugins

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Tools to develop meta packages

%pause
&A The package
%cont
%font "package"
 cdd-dev 
%font "standard"
%cont
provides development tools
%pause
&B   Scan packages list for available packages
%pause
&B   Build control files from meta packages according to templates
%pause
&B   Build menu entries for user menus in meta packages
%pause
&BL  Contains examples how to build meta packages
%pause
&a
%cont
%font "prgn"
cdd-gen-control
%pause
&b   Builds
%cont
%font "file"
 debian/control 
%cont
%font "standard"
 file from templates in
%cont
%font "file"
 tasks 
%cont
%font "standard"
directory
%pause
&BL    Checks
%cont
%font "file"
 sources.list 
%cont
%font "standard"
file for available packages
%pause
&a
%cont
%font "prgn"
cdd-install-helper
%pause
&b   Moves menu files from
%cont
%font "file"
 menu 
%cont
%font "standard"
 directory into right place
%pause
&b   Moves documentation files from
%cont
%font "file"
 docs 
%cont
%font "standard"
 directory into right place
%pause
&b   Creates
%font "varpackage"
%cont
 <cdd>
%font "package"
%cont
-common 
%font "standard"
%cont
package
%pause
&BL    Take care for general config file
%cont
%font "file"
 /etc/cdd/
%cont
%font "varfile"
<cdd>
%cont
%font "file"
/
%cont
%font "varfile"
<cdd>
%cont
%font "file"
.conf 
%pause
&A Usage of these tools is strongly recommended
%pause
&A Debian-Med packages provide a working example

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%page

Common dependency package

Using
%cont
%font "package"
 cdd-dev 
%cont
%font "standard"
introduces dependency from
%cont
%font "package"
 cdd-common 

%pause
&A Creates common registry for all CDDs in
%cont
%font "file"
 /etc/cdd
%pause
&A Configuration file
%cont
%font "file"
 /etc/cdd/cdd.conf
%pause
&B Set DBBACKEND (currently only unixgroups implemented)
%pause
&BL Settings can be overridden by
%cont
%font "file"
 /etc/cdd/
%cont
%font "varfile"
<cdd>
%cont
%font "file"
/
%cont
%font "varfile"
<cdd>
%cont
%font "file"
.conf
%pause
&A 
%cont
%font "prgn"
cdd-role
%cont
%font "standard"
: add/remove roles in registered CDD
%pause
&A 
%cont
%font "prgn"
cdd-update-menus
%cont
%font "standard"
: add menu to all CDD users
%pause
&Bcont (users have to call
%cont
%font "prgn"
 update-menus 
%font "standard"
%cont
if not done in postinst script)
%pause
&A 
%cont
%font "prgn"
cdd-user
%cont
%font "standard"
: add/remove user to role of a registered CDD

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%page

Documentation & Translation


%pause
&A All Custom Distributions care for documentation
%pause
&A Have a close look on 
%cont
%font "varpackage"
<cdd>
%cont
%font "package"
-doc
%cont
%font "standard"
 packages!
%pause
&A For quick information about Custom Debian Distributions in general there is a Wiki page
%pause
&A There is a detailed general Custom Debian Distribution documentation at
%font "url"
%size 3
http://people.debian.org/~tille/debian-med/talks/paper-cdd/debian-cdd.html/
%fore "white"
%font "standard"
%leftfill
%pause
&A It is also available as Debian package
%cont
%font "package"
 cdd-doc

%pause
&A Translation is an important issue for target users
%pause
&A Make use of Debian Description Translation Project

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Communication


%pause
&A Project on Alioth
%font "url"
http://alioth.debian.org/projects/cdd/
%pause
&B   CVS for every CDD and documentation
%pause
&BL   Released files
%pause
&A Common mailing list (developer related)
%font "url"
http://lists.debian.org/debian-custom/
%pause
&A Mailing lists for most CDDs (user related)
%font "url"
http://lists.debian.org/debian-
%cont
%font "varurl"
<cdd>
%pause
&A Web pages for most CDDs
%font "url"
http://www.debian.org/devel/debian-
%cont
%font "varurl"
<cdd>


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%page

To do


%pause
&AL Create common web page about general CDD issues
%pause
&AL Update 
%cont
%font "prgn"
tasksel
%font "standard"
%cont
 (
%cont
%fore "yellow"
%font "bug"
 #186085 
%fore "white"
%font "standard"
%cont
)
%pause
&AL Debian Package Tags
%pause
&AL Integrate Knoppix build system into Debian
%pause
&B Might be a Custom Distribution for itself
%pause
&B Enabling easy creation and customisation of Knoppix derivatives from native Debian mirror
%pause
&C
%cont
%font "prgn"
debootstrap
%pause
&C Install Knoppix stuff into chroot environment
%pause
&C Customise chroot environment for intended purpose
%pause
&C Create ISO image from chroot environment
%pause
&C Make use of
%cont
%font "prgn"
 jigdo
%pause
&C Fabian Franz is working on this stuff

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%page

Future


%pause
&AL More Custom Debian Distributions
%pause
&AL Tools for better support have to be developed
%pause
&AL Spreading the idea to developers and users
%pause
&AL Provide customised Knoppix CDs of CDDs
%pause
&AL New way to distribute Debian
%pause
&AL Provide extra Packages file for each CDD


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%fore "darkblue"

&end This talk can be found at

&signend http://people.debian.org/~tille/debian-med/talks/

&signend Andreas Tille <tille@debian.org>