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% NOTES
% Check http://www.li18nux.org/docs/html/LI18NUX-2000-amd4.htm for possible
% issues.

% REFERENCES
% http://www.debian.org/intl/


\title{i18n in Debian}
\subtitle{A look at projects and tools \\
http://people.debian.org/{\~\ }jfs/debconf/i18n/
}
\author{Javier Fernández-Sanguino Peña}
\email{jfs@debian.org}
\slideCaption{Debconf3 - Oslo - 20th july 2003}

\begin{document}


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\maketitle
\begin{slide}{i18n projects in Debian}
Goals of this conference 
\begin{itemize}
\item Demonstrate why i18n is important in Debian (isn't it obvious?)
\item Explain the current work done regarding i18n/l10n in Debian.
\item Discuss on the issues that people that translate currently encounter.
\item Make some proposals.
\item Have people fix some bugs :-)
\end{itemize}
\end{slide}

\begin{slide}{i18n in Debian: What's the rush?}
Mojibake = Not nice.
 
\includegraphics[width=6cm]{images/debconf-gnome-utf8.eps}

It really means unintelligible gibberish displayed on a screen or 
printed on a paper when a software fails to handle encodings or fonts 
in the data stream. 
http://www.debian.or.jp/~kubota/mojibake/
\end{slide}


\begin{slide}{Why is i18n/l10n important?}
\begin{itemize}
\item If we want Debian to be a {\em Universal} OS system it has to be
usable by users respectless of:
\begin{itemize}
\item the language they use
\item the way that language is represented in the computer
\end{itemize}
\item Users need to be able to use it but also to
\begin{itemize}
\item Read about it (documentation)
\item Ask others about it (mailing lists)
\end{itemize}
\end{itemize}
\end{slide}

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\begin{slide}{What is our status?}
\begin{itemize}
\item We provide i18n installation of 21 langs in d-i
 (only 10 >5 po translated), 23 in boot-floppies.
\item Release docs: 15 languages (only fully translated in 9 langs)
\item Documents: 20 languages (but only 6 with more >5/37)
\item Specific work in some subprojects: Debian-jp!
\item Statistics: http://www.debian.org/intl/l10n/
\end{itemize}
\end{slide}

\begin{slide}{What is other's status?}
\begin{itemize}
\item RedHat provides an i18n installation, web/documents is not translated and
	few system tools are.
\item Mandrake provides i18n installation/tools (60+ langs?)
   but web/documents are not fully translated (5 langs and not all available).
\item OpenSBD 15 langs in webpages (only web pages atm)
\item FreeBSD 4 langs in webpages (other translations of some docs)
\end{itemize}
Debian is probably the most {\em i18nized} free software OS.
\end{slide}

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\begin{slide}{Current i18n/l10n ongoing work}
There are a number of projects:
\begin{itemize}
\item Translation of documentation (DDP+manpages)
\item Translation of web server content 
\item l10/i18n of Debian-specific tools:
\begin{itemize}
\item d-i
\item dselect
\item dpkg
\item apt
\item debconf (through the DDTP too)
\end{itemize}
\item l10/i18n of non-Debian specific programs.
\item Translation of packages descriptions (DDTP)
\end{itemize}
\end{slide}

\begin{slide}{Where does discussion take place?}
\begin{itemize}
\item Coordination among developers/translators for i18n is done at
debian-i18n@l.d.o

\item debian-l10n-XXX@l.d.o mailing lists to provide translators with
discussion forums

\item debian-user-XXXX@l.d.o mailing lists to provide users 
language-specific forums
\end{itemize}
\end{slide}

\begin{slide}{Tools translators have to use}
\begin{itemize}
\item CVS
\item Gettext
\item Mail management systems (BTS, DDTP)
\item Custom tools (usually scripts) to 
verify "up-to-date"ness (for wml, for manpages)
\item Po-management tools (kbabel, gtranslator) for {\em personal} use
\end{itemize}
\end{slide}

\begin{slide}{Things developers need to know}
\begin{itemize}
\item encoding stuff (see http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/intro-i18n)
\item gettext
\item po-debiandoc
\item po-debconf
\item poxml (KDE)
\item ...
\end{itemize}
\end{slide}

\begin{slide}{Issues in i18n/l10n'ing Debian: organisation}
\begin{itemize}
\item Translation coordinators have no real power (unless if DD)
 ("Do not touch l10n files"! thread in -devel/-i18n)
\item Multiple interfaces for the same tasks.
\item How can I see which are the current bugs related to lang X?
\item Translations are not always distributed properly,
	usefulness drops (\#64278, \#172482)
\end{itemize}
\end{slide}

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\begin{slide}{Issues in i18n/l10n'ing Debian: technical}
\begin{itemize}
\item How best to configure the system to use lang X?
\item How to check up-to-date status of content? How to warn users and 
developers.
\item Encoding issues (remember mojibake!)
\begin{itemize}
\item Wrong Assumptions: "one character is one byte", "words are
separated by whitespaces"
\item Use unicode
\item Translation is a small topic in i18n area
\end{itemize}
\item How should l10n stuff be distributed? (separate packages or a single
	package?)
\end{itemize}
\end{slide}
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%\begin{slide}{Issues in i18n/l10n'ing programs part of Debian}
%\begin{itemize}
%\item  TODO
%\end{itemize}
%\end{slide}

\begin{slide}{i18n/l10n'ing programs not part of Debian}
There are two possible approaches:
\begin{itemize}
\item Leave i18n/l10n up to upstream
\item Do it in Debian and then contribute to upstream
\end{itemize}
Both have issues (effort duplication, conflicts, divergence, up-to-date
checks..)
\end{slide}

\begin{slide}{Translation of upstream: {\em leave it up to them}}
\includegraphics[width=8cm]{images/diagram-upstream-l10n.eps}
\end{slide}

\begin{slide}{Translation of upstream: {\em let's do it ourselves}}
\includegraphics[width=8cm]{images/diagram-debian-l10n.eps}
\end{slide}

\begin{slide}{Some proposals}
Many questions, answers needed (discussion in the mailing lists, please)
\begin{itemize}
\item Focus i18n/l10n teams
\item Officially supported languages
\item Translation {\em freeze}
\item Translators' status
\item More tools for the i18n/l10n people
\item Support of i18n/l10n tags in the BTS 
\item Single configuration for language
\end{itemize}
Will not detail all in this talk....
\end{slide}


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\begin{slide}{Proposal: Define priorities to focus i18n/l10n teams}
\begin{itemize}
\item Debian as a project should say which are the 
{\em officially supported} languages:
\begin{itemize}
\item Not all languages are equally well supported
\item It is needed to make decisions (sample: d-i or doc in CDs)
\item If we don't we have to use world data (not relevant)
\end{itemize}
\item Prioritise work, what should i18n/l10n teams first focus on? Suggested:
\begin{itemize}
\item First: installation
\item Second:documentation (release notes, manuals)
\item Third: debian-specific programs
\item Fourth: other data (such as descriptions or other docs)
\item Fifth: non-debian programs
\end{itemize}
\end{itemize}
\end{slide}
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\begin{slide}{Proposal: {\em Translation} freeze}
\begin{itemize}
\item After the feature freeze introduce a new freeze for translators
\item NMU for l10n related issues are accepted (and encouraged)
\item Scheduled before
\item Reasoning: Translation is done against a {\em moving target}:
\begin{itemize}
\item sometimes translators cannot work as fast as upstream.
\item sometimes it does not make sense to translated until it's {\em finished}
\end{itemize}
\item Some other projects do this (i.e. GNOME, KDE)
\end{itemize}
testing -> freeze -> translation freeze -> deep freeze -> stable
\end{slide}
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\begin{slide}{Proposal: Translators as DD}
\begin{itemize}
\item Reasoning: translators need access to internal resources to help with translations. Otherwise they need to use proxies (slows down process)
\item Make them DD with limited access?
\begin{itemize}
\item No upload of packages (no NMU)
\item Access to CVS servers 
\item Access to Alioth 
\end{itemize} 
\end{itemize} 
\end{slide}


\begin{slide}{Proposal: BTS {\em support} for i18n/l10n}
\begin{itemize}
\item Add a {\em i18n} tag
\item Add a {\em l10n} tag (with language subtag), see \#114221
\item Reasoning: 
\begin{itemize}
\item What should a DD do when he receives a translation-related bug?
\item Coordination of i18n/l10n integration
\item Bugs cannot be assigned to translation teams (and returned)
\item Users can send bug reports in their language and, through this tag,
have it translated for the DD.
\end{itemize}
\end{itemize}
\end{slide}

\begin{slide}{Proposal: More tools for translation teams}
\begin{itemize}
\item Clearing house for translations
\begin{itemize}
\item Single clearing-house for translations: simplify i18n work.
        (look \#105337)
\item GNU's project is not good enough (not all apps in Debian are GNU)
\end{itemize}
\item Provide consistent tools for translations teams, Debian-specific
\end{itemize}
\end{slide}

\begin{slide}{Proposal: Simple configuration for the system language}
\begin{itemize}
\item Easy setup of language environment for the end user
\begin{itemize}
\item Just do it once! (on installation)
\item Base it on language / timezone?
\item Use it everywhere! 
\end{itemize}
\item user-env packages are hacks! 
\item Used in:
\begin{itemize}
\item /etc/environment. Or is /etc/language better?
% Base-config, check
% Message-ID: <20020203213119.GA11447@zombie.inka.de>
% currently in /root/dbootstrap_settings ?
\item Use it for system services? (ftp, mailing list static content? \#43257)
\end{itemize}
\end{itemize}
\end{slide}

\begin{slide}{Summary}
\begin{itemize}
\item i18n and l10n is a very important topic if we want to make a Universal
	OS
\item Translators and developers focused in i18n need appropiate tools to
	do their job.
\item We have to discuss and approve an specific policy or set of 
	recommendations for i18n/l10n in Debian (see Martin Quinson's proposal)
\end{itemize}
\end{slide}

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